As is to be expected in such a globally successful clade, they inhabit a wide variety of environments, from arid desert to tropical jungles, and fulfill many roles from apex predator to scavenger. The 39 extant canid species (Burgin, Colella, Kahn, & Upham, 2018) range in body mass from less than 1 kg to more than 80 kg and are found on all landmasses except for Antarctica (MacDonald, 2009 MacDonald & Sillero-Zubiri, 2004 Nowak, 2005 Sillero-Zubiri, Hoffmann, & MacDonald, 2004 Wozencraft, 1993). Here we explore the role of differences in cranial anatomy in the biomechanics of feeding performance among a closely related, but otherwise remarkably varied, family, the Canidae. However, the matching of specific phenotypes, or parts thereof, to particular biomechanical functions is more challenging and requires further analyses beyond that of form alone.
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That anatomical form can broadly distinguish between species is a central tenet of comparative biology, reflecting interrelated differences of body mass, behavior, and environmental conditions as well as of phylogenetic inheritance. Specific head shapes may be constrained by size, with scaled strain energy models predicting that some bony morphologies may only be viable in species with small body masses. The most biomechanically demanding masticatory function is canine biting, and the highest strain energy values were reported in this loading condition, particularly in the zygomatic arches and caudal rostrum. Dietary groups were differentiated by temporalis fascicle angles, which, when allied with the differentiation of rostral length reported in previous studies, may further contribute to specializations of fast jaw-closing or forceful jaw-closing species. No clear patterns of allometry were detected. The inclusion of muscle architectural detail is shown to influence masticatory muscle force production capability calculations, indicating that muscles with longer fascicles were disadvantaged compared to muscles with shorter fascicles. Here we use empirically derived muscle data from fresh-frozen specimens to explore the architecture of the muscles, and to inform finite element analyses models that predict bite force and strain energy in 12 species of wild canid. Previously, little has been reported on the details of the form and function of canid jaw adductor muscles, with earlier studies basing functional hypotheses on data derived from dry skull specimens. It provides for the legal, unlicensed citation or incorporation of copyrighted material in another author's work under a four-factor balancing test.Cranial form is closely allied to diet and feeding behavior in the Canidae, with the force and velocity of jaw-closing depending on the bony morphology of the skull and mandible, and the mass, architecture, and siting of the jaw adductor muscles. Examples of fair use include commentary, search engines, criticism, news reporting, research, teaching, library archiving and scholarship. In United States copyright law, fair use is a doctrine that permits limited use of copyrighted material without acquiring permission from the rights holders. If you are the author of the text above and you not agree to share your knowledge for teaching, research, scholarship (for fair use as indicated in the United States copyrigh low) please send us an e-mail and we will remove your text quickly.įair use is a limitation and exception to the exclusive right granted by copyright law to the author of a creative work. The meaning and definition indicated above are indicative not be used for medical and legal purposesĪuthor : not indicated on the source document of the above text
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